Fifth generation (5G) is the latest iteration of cellular technology, engineered to greatly increase the speed and responsive of wireless network. 5G is still to be defined officially by standardisation bodies. It will be a system of super high capacity and ultra high speed data.
5g Technology is the next generation of telecom networks ( 5g or fifth generation ) have started hitting the market end of 2018 and will continue to expand worldwide.
The "G" is used to describe the generations of callular device communication technology that have been or will be introduced.
The 5G technology is expected to provide a new frequencybands along with the wider spectral bandwidth per frequency channel. 5G can operate in the millimeter wave ( a super high frequency spectrum that ranges from 24 to 100 GHz ), where the amount of spectrum available for 5G means data can be transferred much faster than is currently possible.
5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher mult- Gbps peak data speeds, ultra low latency, more reliablity, massive network capacity, increased availability, and a more uniform user experience to more users.
Historical Trend of Wireless Communications
Before 1G (<1983 ) : All the wireless communications were voice centric and used analogue systems with single side band (SSB) modulation.
1G (1983) : All the wireless communications were voice centric. In 1966, Bell labs had made a decision to adopt analogue systems for a high capacity movile system, because at that time the digital radio systems were very expensive to manufacture. An analogue system with FM radios was chosen. In 1983, the US cellular sustem was named AMPS( Advanced Moobile Phone Service ). AMPS was called 1G at the time.
2G (1995) : During this period, all the wireless communications were voice centric. European GSM and North America IS- 54 were digital systems using TDMA multiplexing. Since AT & T was divested in 1983 no research institute like Bell Levs could develop an outstanding 2G system as it did for the 1G system in North America. IS-54 was not a desirable system and was abandoned. Then, GSM waws named 2G at the time when 3G was defined by ITU in 1997. Thus, we could say that moving from 1G to 2G means migrating from the analogue system to the digital system.
3G (1999) : In this generation, the wireless communications platform has voice and data capability. 3G is the first international standard system released from ITU, in contrast to previous generation systems. 3G exploits WCDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple Access ) technology using 5 MHz bandwidth. It operates in both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) modes. Thus, we could say that by migrating from 2G to 3G systems we have evolved from voice centric systems to data centric systems.
4G (2013) : 4G is a high speed data rate plus voice system. There are two 4G systems. The United States has developed the WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), evolving from WiFi. The other is the LTE system that was developed after WiMAX. The technology of LTE and that of WiMAX are very similar. The bandwidth of both systems is 20 MHz.
5G (2021) : 5G isstill to be defined officially by standardisation bodies. It will be a system of super high capacity and ultra high speed data with new design requirements tailored towards energy elicited systems and reduced operational expenditure for operators. In this context, 5G envisages not only only one invented technology, but a technology ecosystem of wireless networks working in synergy to provide a seamless communication medium to the end user. Thus, we can say that moving from 4G to 5G means a shift in design paradigm from a single discipline system to a multi-discipline system.
How fast is 5G
5G tops out at 20 gigabits per second (Gbps). 5G is 10 to x100 faster than 4G. delivering up to 20 Gigabits per second (Gbps) peak data rates and 100+ megabits per second (Mbps) average data rates. 5G has more capacity than 4G. 5G is designed to support a 100x increase intraffic capacity and network efficiency.
1. Up to 100x number of connected devices per unit area.
2. 1000x bandwidth per unit area.
3. 99.9999% availability.
4. 100% coverage.
5. Up to 10Gbps data rate -> 10 to 100x inprovement over 4G.
6. 1 Millisecond latency.
7. Worldwide coverage
8. About 90% reduction in network energy usage.
Will 5G technology is secure
The strong mutual authentication is crucial to enable trusted services. Security solutions today are already a mix of security at the edge(device) and security at the network.
Several security frameworks may co-exist in the future and 5G is likely to re-use existing solutions used today for 4G networks and the cloud ( SEs, HSM,ceretification,Over-the-Air provisioning and KMS).
The standard for strong mutual authentication for 5G networks was finalized in 2018.
The need of 5G security, privacy, and trust will ve as strong as for 4G if not stronger with the increased impact of (Internet of Things) lot services.
Applications of 5G
Some of the singnificant applications are -
1. High-speed mobile network
2. Entertainment and multimedia.
3. Internet of Things- Connecting everything.
4. Smart Home
5. Logistics and shipping
6. Smart cities
7. Healthcare and mission critical applications
8. Autonomous Driving
9. Drone Operation
10. VoIP ( Voice over IP ) enabled devices
11. Wearable devices with AI ( Artificial Intelligence ) capabilities
12. Its application will make world real Wi Fi zone.
13. Its application will facilitate people to avail radio signal at higher altitude as well
14. Because of the IPv6 technology, visiting care of mobile IP address will be assigned as per the connected network and geographical position.
15. With 6th sense technologly.
Advantages of 5G Technology
There are several advantages of 5g technology
1. Data rates of about 10 Gbps ort higher can be achieved which provides the user with better experience and download and upload speeds will be higher.
2. High resolution and bi-directional large bandwidth shaping.
3. Technology to gather all networks on one platform.
4. Most likely, wil provide a huge broadcasting data ( in Gigabit ), which will support more than 60,000 connections.
5. 5G mm-wave can achieve latency rate less than 1ms. which will leads to immediate connection establishment and release with the 5G network by 5G smartphones, Hence traffic load is decreaed on 5G.
6. 5G offers 10x decrease in latency, 100x traffic capacity 10x connection density, 3x spectrum efficiency, and 100x network efficiency.
7. Technological sound to support heterogeneous services ( including private network ).
8. Possible to provide a uniform, consistent and uninterrupted, connectivity across the world.
9. Better connectivity irrespective of the geographic region, in which you are.
10. Network availability will be everywhere and will facilitate people to use their computer and such king of mobile devices anywhere anytime.
11. More effective and efficient.
12. Easily manageable with the previous generations.
13. Technology to gather all networks on one platform.
14. The average download speed will be 1Gbps. According to ITU, a 5G application mobile or web, in general, should be able to transmit data with 10 gigabits per second speed and in some cases 20 gigabit per second.
15. With speed, it also increases the response time. Where 4G network responds in 50 MS, 5G can respond in 1 MS. It will ensure a great streamlined experience for the user.
5G Devices
Galaxy S10 5G, the world's first available smartphone with built in fifth generation communications.
South korea become the first country to launch nationwide 5G services, with three superfast networks going live offering data speeds that allow users to download entire movies in less than a second. Hours later US giant Verizon began commercial services in Chicago and Minneapolis, after rival AT&T made a 5G based system available to selected users in parts of 12 cities in December.
South Korea's three mobile carriers SK Telecom, KT and LG Uplus held launch events across Seoul for the Galaxy S10 5G, whose base version costs 1.39 million won. Interactive virtual reality display and robot demonstrations were on show to tout the capabilities of the latest iteration of mobile internet speed, and users were excited about the possibilities, especially live streaming of sports games and university lectures.
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